The solution was only temporary … I didn’t know the packages get deprecated to fast on ubuntu mirrors. Therefore this version is not available anymore and installing it from dpkg with the dependencies is to much a hassle.
Edit: I just have tried the beta 81 and it seems there is no issue anymore. So it currently works with this:
addons:
apt:
packages:
# Ubuntu 16+ does not install this dependency by default, so we need to install it ourselves
- libgconf-2-4
chrome: beta
before_install:
- google-chrome-beta --headless --disable-gpu --remote-debugging-port=9222 http://localhost &