Found it. Looks like my node_modules cache was not matching my latest dependencies. I am disabling all caching - reliability is more important to me than caching!
On the caches page for a Travis project (https://travis-ci.com/ORG_NAME/REPO_NAME/caches), there is a list of all the caches by branch and PR for the repository with a delete button to remove individual branch/PR caches, along with a Delete all repository caches button on the upper right of the page.
An alternative to deleting caches manually as needed might be to detect when the version for a dependency has changed, and have a script run that uninstalls/removes the cached dependency then reinstalls it.